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F.A.Q. What is gum disease?
What is gingivitis?
What is periodontal disease? See our FAQ page for answers and more.

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Dental hygiene.

Cleaning teeth is important for your overall health and oral fitness. This should not only include regular brushing and flossing, but professional teeth cleaning at the dentist on a regular basis. At-home brushing may prevent plaque and tartar build-up, but only a complete dental hygiene treatment with scale and polish can remove tartar entirely. To keep your teeth bright and shiny it is inevitable to remove tartar, yet the treatment has an important role in preventing serious gum problems as well as tooth decay.

Tartar build-up takes a long time and it is practically unnoticeable. Even is you practice excellent oral hygiene there are bacteria in your mouth. Bacteria and food parcels cover teeth and from a sticky film called dental plaque. If plaque remains on teeth for more than a day it can harden and form tartar or dental calculus. Tartar can build up on any teeth even below the gum level. The colour of tartar is light in the beginning but darkens with time. With brushing you can not remove it form the teeth, only professional dental hygiene treatment can.

Szalay Regina - Dental Hygienist

Affects on gums and teeth

Once calculus is present on teeth, cleaning them will be less effective, and acids from food can damage tooth enamel faster. This leads to cavities and tooth decay. Tartar build-up near the gum line harbours bacteria and can cause inflammation of the gum. This is called gingivitis which is a form of gum disease. At this state of the gum disease regular cleaning and dental hygiene treatment can stop gingivitis. If it is left untreated it can form into a more serious form of gum disease called periodontitis.

Ultrasonic cleaning and airbrush

The dental hygienist uses an ultrasonic scaler to remove tartar from teeth. For removing discolouration and stains an airbrush is used which gently polishes the teeth. The end of the treatment is applying a polishing compound to protect teeth from plaque build-up. The dental hygienist will also advise about proper tooth cleaning for your daily routine, to maintain your oral health.

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Frequently asked questions:

What is gum disease?

Gum disease describes swelling, soreness or infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. There are two main forms of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease.

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums. This is when the gums around the teeth become very red and swollen. Often the swollen gums bleed when they are brushed during cleaning.

What is periodontal disease?

Long-standing gingivitis can turn into periodontal disease. There are a number of types of periodontal disease and they all affect the tissues supporting the teeth. As the disease gets worse the bone anchoring the teeth in the jaw is lost, making the teeth loose. If this is not treated, the teeth may eventually fall out.

Am I likely to suffer from gum disease?

Probably. Most people suffer from some form of gum disease, and it is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. However, the disease develops very slowly in most people, and it can be slowed down to a rate that should allow you to keep most of your teeth for life.

What is the cause of gum disease?

All gum disease is caused by plaque. Plaque is a film of bacteria which forms on the surface of the teeth and gums every day. Many of the bacteria in plaque are completely harmless, but there are some that have been shown to be the main cause of gum disease. To prevent and treat gum disease, you need to make sure you remove all the plaque from your teeth every day. This is done by brushing and flossing.

How will smoking affect my gums and teeth?

Smoking can also lead to gum disease. Patients who smoke are more likely to produce bacterial plaque, which leads to gum disease. The gums are affected because smoking causes a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, so the infected gums fail to heal. Smoking causes people to have more dental plaque and for gum disease to progress more rapidly than in non-smokers. Gum disease still remains the most common cause of tooth loss in adults.

What happens if gum disease is not treated?

Unfortunately, gum disease progresses painlessly on the whole so that you do notice the damage it is doing. However, the bacteria are sometimes more active and this makes your gums sore. This can lead to gum abscesses, and pus may ooze from around the teeth. Over a number of years, the bone supporting the teeth can be lost. If the disease is left untreated for a long time, treatment can become more difficult.

How do I know if I have gum disease?

The first sign is blood on the toothbrush or in the rinsing water when you clean your teeth. Your gums may also bleed when you are eating, leaving a bad taste in your mouth. Your breath may also become unpleasant.

What treatments are needed?

Your dentist will usually give your teeth a thorough clean. You’ll also be shown how to remove plaque successfully yourself, cleaning all surfaces of your teeth thoroughly and effectively. This may take a number of sessions with the dentist or hygienist.